Explainable machine learning for breakdown prediction in high gradient rf cavities

Rf Breakdown Studies in X-band Klystron Cavities

RF breakdown studies are presently being carried out at SLAC with klystron cavities in a traveling wave resonator (TWR). Different kinds of fabrication methods and several kinds of semiconducting and insulating coatings have been applied to X-Band TM010 cavities. RF breakdown thresholds up to 250 MV/m have been obtained. Dark current levels were found to be depressed in TiN-coated and single-po...

RF-Breakdown in High-Frequency Accelerators

RF breakdown in high-frequency accelerators appears to limit the maximum achievable gradient as well as the reliability of such devices. Experimental results from high power tests, obtained mostly in the framework of the NLC/GLC project at 11 GHz and from the CLIC study at 30 GHz, will be used to illustrate the important issues. The dependence of the breakdown phenomena on rf pulse length, oper...

Field Emission and RF Breakdown in High - Gradient Room - Temperature Linac Structures

Beam Loading in Rf Cavities

Beam loading is the conventional term for the effect of beam passage through an RF cavity installed for the control of some beam parameters such as energy, bunch length, energy spread, etc... The fields developed in such a structure and their effect on the beam can be analyzed as for all other discontinuities of the vacuum chamber. In particular, F. Sacherer's theory of impedances and beam inst...

Field Emission in Rf Cavities

Electron field emission limits the accelerating gradient in superconducting cavities. The present paper shows how and why it is an important problem. The phenomenology of field emission is then described, both in DC and RF regimes. In a third part, the merits of a few plausible “remedies” to field emission are discussed. 1 . WHY IS IT A PROBLEM ? When exposed to an intense, properly oriented el...